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There must be an area at the rear of the fining line where the Range Officer can move freely to control the firing activities on the range and assure safety gastritis lemon generic phenazopyridine 200mg fast delivery. Outdoor ranges that do not have a baffle and backstop or other system to contain all pellets fired within the range area must be able to control the downrange impact area (safety fan) for a distance of 300 yards either by using a physical barrier such as a fence or by using observers (2) who can warn the Range Officer if anyone is approaching the impact area gastritis diet oatmeal cookies order phenazopyridine 200 mg otc. Ready areas are not required gastritis treatment home trusted phenazopyridine 200 mg, but where space permits gastritis location generic 200mg phenazopyridine fast delivery, the designation of a ready area is recommended. Spectators are to be encouraged during shooting sports activities when sufficient space is available. If there have been any recent lapses in safety focus or discipline, it is important to use safety briefings to reinforce safety rules that were not properly observed. If volunteer coaches are utilized, they must also be certified by completing the required training. A prescribed basic, introductory lesson in air rifle safety and range firing procedures must be taught to all cadets before they are permitted to handle air rifles or do dry firing or live firing exercises on an air rifle range. All firing exercises must be preceded by short safety briefings that remind cadets of the safe gun handling rules. Cadets who fire on other ranges will fire under the control of the Range Officer appointed for that range. One Range Officer should be responsible for supervising no more than ten firing points with ten individual shooters. If there are more than ten firing points, additional Assistant Range Officers must be appointed. One Range Officer should supervise a maximum of ten firing points with ten individual shooters. For beginning shooters, additional Assistant Range Officers must be appointed who will each assist and control the activities of groups of one, two or more firers under the supervision of the Range Officer. In addition to these commands, other instructions are given to control the activities of the persons who are firing. All rifles brought into or handled on any range must be unloaded, with open actions. The Air Rifle Range Officer Operating Procedures document is available for Range Officers to use as a script and guidelines in conducting rangefiring exercises. An unloaded air rifle is an air rifle with 1) its bolt/action open and 2) with no pellet in the barrel. This statement by the Range Officer means the firing line is ready for the start of a firing exercise. On most ranges, it is necessary for cadets to go downrange to hang, change or retrieve targets. After all air rifles are grounded, the Range Officer declares the "Line is Clear" and instructs cadets to go downrange to hang, change or retrieve targets. After everyone returns from downrange and is behind the firing line, the Range Officer declares the "Line is Hot" and gives instructions to begin the next firing exercise. Whenever it is necessary to give corrections or instructions to an individual shooter, those instructions or corrections should never be given while the firer is attempting to fire a shot unless a serious safety hazard is involved. Instead, wait until the shot is fired, then approach the shooter to give the instructions or corrections in such a way as to not disturb or distract other firers. After declaring that a range is "clear," the Range Officer may give instructions to the shooters or other personnel to go forward of the firing line to retrieve or hand targets. No one is permitted to handle an air rifle for any reason while someone is downrange. By approaching close to an individual who is being given instructions or corrections that might involve changing a firing position, the Range Officer is also close enough to the firer to monitor and control how the firer handles his/ her rifle muzzle while making the change. Shooters must immediately stop attempting to fire a shot (remove finger from the trigger) and await instructions. Malfunctions must be cleared before the air rifle can be used for additional firing. If a malfunction cannot be cleared, the action must be opened and the pellet removed from the barrel before the air rifle can be safely removed from the firing line. The clearing of the malfunction or removal of the air rifle from the firing line must be done by the Range Officer or Instructor. With the action remaining open, a pellet may be safely removed by inserting a cleaning rod from the muzzle end of the barrel.

It is in this intense gastritis diet 5 small purchase 200 mg phenazopyridine with visa, demanding gastritis diet order cheap phenazopyridine line, tradition bound gastritis ultrasound purchase discount phenazopyridine on line, and dangerous environment that the Surface Warfare community train and develop the young men and women who will be its future leaders gastritis diet order cheap phenazopyridine online. Each of these programs provides roughly one quarter of all officer accessions into the Navy. The remaining quarter receive their commission through small specialized programs that directly commission specialists such as doctors and dentists and an enlisted-to-officer program called Seaman to Admiral-21. These programs and institutions are all guided by the Officer Professional Core Competencies Manual which specifies the "knowledge, skills, and abilities basically trained Naval officers must possess upon graduation from an accession program" (Miller and Steindl 2011, Executive Summary). Within its Leadership and Management module 30 are the topics of honor, judgment, integrity, and moral courage. In addition to instruction in leadership and ethics, the midshipmen and officer candidates receive hands-on leadership training through a variety of leadership positions within their organizations. The student bodies in these institutions are organized in a typical military hierarchy with students performing leadership roles at multiple levels, with a wide range of responsibilities and authority over the performance and behavior of their classmates. These assignments ensure that the students receive a modicum of practical experience in leading before joining the fleet. The Naval Academy was founded in 1845 and provides midshipmen an education in all aspects of naval operations, engineering, navigation, and military customs and tradition, as well as baccalaureate degrees in majors including naval architecture, electrical engineering, oceanography, computer science, quantitative economics, and history. The Naval Academy has in place the Vice Admiral James Stockdale Center for Ethical Leadership, whose website displays the mission to "Empower leaders to make courageous ethical decisions. The topics covered include required courses in leadership theory and application, moral reasoning for naval leaders, naval law, and electives in psychology and human behavior. The Stockdale Center augments the curriculum with seminars, speakers, and workshops, as well as conducting research in the field. This program, begun in 1998, 31 perhaps in response to a series of cheating scandals in the mid-1990s (McKay 2009), provides a structured curriculum stressing moral leadership. More importantly to this study, they receive approximately 30 hours of courses in leadership, management, and leadership ethics (Stein 2005). These courses include extensive readings on the theory and practice of leadership as well as written and video case studies employing plausible scenarios to developing ethical leadership decision making skills. The Officer Candidate School in Newport, Rhode Island hosts a number of schools for various groups within the Navy, but its primary mission is to provide a 12 week curriculum designed to equip the Officer Candidates with the basic knowledge of the naval profession, including military, nautical, and systems engineering topics. In addition, they receive instruction in leadership topics such as team-building, 32 decision-making, motivation, leadership qualities, and military law. Once the midshipmen or officer candidates are commissioned as naval officers with the rank of Ensign (01), they spend roughly two years of additional study and onthe-job training to become qualified Surface Warfare Officers. Curtis, then Commander of Naval Surface Forces (Naval Surface Forces Public Affairs 2011). Surface Warfare Qualification the foremost duty for Ensigns is to achieve their Surface Warfare qualification. Officers normally spend the first three to three and a half years as Division Officers, which can include serving on two different ships and managing a division of Sailors in each. Once the preceding three requirements are done, (4) the officer must qualify and stand watch as an Officer of the Deck, a position that oversees the maneuvering of a ship through fleet operations and specific actions such as anchoring, and mooring (Gelinne 2011). Aviators spend their first two years in a dedicated training environment to develop their warfare skills and win their wings, prior to reporting to an operational command. Similarly, submariners undergo a year and a half of training on route to their first sea assignment, although they, too, must undergo significant hands-on training once onboard to qualify as designated submariners. In preparation for this tour, the officers, now Lieutenants (03), will attend the Surface Warfare Officers School Department Head course. Then, as in the Surface Warfare School today, prospective Department Heads were trained in all aspects of naval warfare and the administrative programs guiding the daily functions of the Navy. Command Qualification Command of a surface ship is a challenging assignment which places extraordinary demands on professional skills in the area of seamanship, warfighting, tactics, resource management, judgment, endurance, and leadership. Qualification must be limited to those officers who have both met the requirements and who, by their outstanding performance over a breadth of sea tours, have clearly demonstrated the potential for command (Thomas and Hunt 2012, 2). This process includes further extensive watchstanding, 36 demonstrated and documented practical knowledge, a comprehensive examination, and oral examinations. Officers must also demonstrate specific skills in shiphandling including mooring to and departing from a pier, anchoring, maneuvering through restricted waters, replenishing from another ship while underway, and recovering a simulated person lost over the side (Thomas and Hunt 2012). Once all qualifications have been achieved, a comprehensive Command Qualification Examination covering all topics of naval operations and administration is administered. When that test has been satisfactorily completed, an officer may request a recommendation for the final oral review board.

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Providing inadequate treatment for infectious diseases and behavioral health conditions gastritis diet order 200mg phenazopyridine with mastercard, among others gastritis upper gi cheap 200mg phenazopyridine visa, forecloses chances for prison health care to pay dividends in the communities to which individuals return gastritis diet ginger cheap 200mg phenazopyridine free shipping. And any value assessment of what taxpayers are getting for their prison health care dollars-and how it compares to other states-is critically dependent on an evaluation of the care provided gastritis garlic order 200mg phenazopyridine visa. Nevertheless, policymakers and administrators do not always have the information they need-or regularly use what they do have-to proactively identify shortcomings and make improvements. If they do not base their decision-making on complete facts, they risk spending scarce resources unwisely and missing out on opportunities to meet their objectives and obligations. We really believe the way to provide cost-effective health care is by providing great quality care. Nevertheless, little is known systematically about whether and how states measure and monitor quality in their prison health care systems. Therefore, Pew and Vera surveyed senior medical staff in state corrections departments to better understand whether states have a quality monitoring system in place; its origins, design, and scope; and how the system is used to continuously identify shortcomings, improve the value of care, and inform policymaking. Process measures relate to the actions of providers and their interactions with patients, while outcomes pertain to near- and long-term effects of providing care. Likewise, outcome measures should be tied to processes, ensuring that they are measuring effects over which the health care system has influence. Effective Providing care processes and achieving outcomes as supported by scientific evidence. Efficient Maximizing the quality of a comparable unit of health care delivered or unit of health benefit achieved for a given unit of health care resources used. Equitable Providing health care of equal quality to those who may differ in personal characteristics other than their clinical condition or preferences for care. The scope of past research has been limited to individual states or small samples, preventing policymakers and other stakeholders from drawing broad-based, comparable conclusions and lessons. Covering a wide range of domains and clinical areas (for example, infectious disease, screening, preventive services, access, prevalence), most systems emphasized measurement of processes over outcomes. Both accreditors make site visits to conduct interviews and review patient charts and administrative documentation (such as policies, relevant meeting minutes, training curricula, and patient grievances) to test compliance with accreditation standards. A 50-state survey of prison quality monitoring systems For the purposes of this study, a quality monitoring system was defined as a uniform, standardized, and ongoing set of policies, metrics, benchmarks, and data sources used and monitored by state officials-whether care was primarily provided directly or outsourced. To meet this definition, state quality monitoring efforts had to meet four criteria. Thirty-five states reported that they operated a prison health care quality monitoring system in fiscal 2016, with 12 responding that their efforts did not meet the criteria. Nearly every state with a system assigns responsibility for monitoring quality to its corrections department. Some share responsibility with departments of health or public health (Arkansas, California, Indiana, Massachusetts, 33 Nevada, New York, and Washington) or the Office of Inspector General (California). South Dakota was the only state to report that operation of its monitoring system was entirely outside of its corrections department. Quality is monitored by its Department of Health, which provides medical, dental, and optometry services in the prison. Table 5 Characteristics of a State Prison Health Care Quality Monitoring System Characteristic Definition Example California Correctional Health Care Services established a systemwide online dashboard that uses clearly defined quality measures to assess whether certain processes and outcomes are followed and achieved. Grounded in data the system uses a set of measures to assess the quality of care delivered in correctional facilities. Established and overseen by state agencies the system is overseen by one or more state agencies. It is distinct from systems overseen by contracted vendors, though it may interact with them by incorporating measures monitored internally by vendors and/or collect data on particular measures from vendors to populate its own system. Layered on top is a quality monitoring process of the state that involves both chart reviews and site visits by staff of the Department of Public Safety & Correctional Services, as well as a separate process for monitoring contract compliance. Applied broadly and consistently the system is applied to more than half of state prison facilities, and more than half of the measures used across facilities are identical. All facilities in Washington state must monitor a core set of measures, but facilities may add additional metrics if there is an area of care they want to monitor more closely.

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These programs successfully pioneered the addition of local to community driven development viral gastritis diet buy phenazopyridine now. In all three countries gastritis diet order phenazopyridine 200mg on-line, local governments already existed severe gastritis diet plan cheap 200mg phenazopyridine with visa, and the programs sought to include them as actors from the beginning gastritis diet 50 order discount phenazopyridine line. In other countries, either local governments did not exist and programs were aimed at communities or local governments were included as community programs grew. Applying the subsidiarity principle-bringing government decision making to the lowest possible level because that is the level where the most knowledge is available about local circumstances-is a powerful argument for either starting to decentralize and bring in local governments for local empowerment programs or aiming to empower both the local communities and local governments. These provided municipal funds and addressed the weaknesses of earlier projects through several innovations. Rural municipalities obtained untied funds based on a formula targeting poor municipalities. These funds were only for investment projects identified and executed by communities within the municipality; they could not be used for recurrent municipal expenditures. Municipal fund activities used a learning-by-doing approach across all levels of operation-federal, state, municipal, and community. As a consequence of the new approaches to procurement and disbursement, the project executed 17,000 community projects in the first nine months after money was transferred to municipalities, demonstrating massive scalability for the first time. These were in line with community priorities, generally of good quality, and at a cost 30 percent less than the cost of similar projects of state agencies. They were implemented by state governments (without involving local governments) and drifted from crisis to crisis. But they contained one successful component that provided matching grants to rural communities, along the lines of the Mexican municipal funds. As in Mexico, the program is well targeted at poor municipalities and poor communities, although it does not generally reach the poorest of the poor. A recent rigorous impact evaluation shows that the program has achieved significant improvements in water supply and electrification, reduced infant mortality and the incidence of several communicable diseases, and sustainably increased social capital at the community level. The assets of community members also grew, but the increase was not statistically significant. It provided fewer fiscal resources to the municipal level and did not mainstream the approach into the intergovernmental fiscal system. The challenge for Brazil and the World Bank is finding a way to institutionalize the basic approach fully at all levels. In its third phase, ending in 2009, the program provides block grants of approximately Rp 500 million to Rp 1. Villagers allocate those resources for their self-defined development needs and priorities. Under the program, communities discuss their priorities from an open menu (meaning they can address any problem, only subject to a small negative list) and then propose projects to the kecamatan level. The kecamatans then choose the best projects, ask the communities to contribute part of the funds, and provide matching grants. The next step was to synthesize the many strands of community empowerment and local development and to create a new development paradigm (Helling, Serrano, and Warren 2005). Wolfensohn, in his many country visits, had seen firsthand what community participation could achieve. In 1999 a cross-sectoral Working Group on Community Driven Development brought together all practitioners of community empowerment and decentralization approaches to review the many programs and approaches applied in the World Bank. The group became the instrument for building consensus and integrating approaches. Overall, between fiscal 2000 and fiscal 2008, a period of nine fiscal years, $16 billion was lent for 637 operations, or about 9 percent of total lending of the World Bank Group. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and International Development Association. The World Bank Participation Sourcebook (World Bank 2003d) provides a comprehensive overview of methods to enlist the participation of all stakeholders, from the community level to the local, municipal, and national levels. The progressive shift from central sectoral programs to community consultation and participation and then to community empowerment would not have been possible using the classical disbursement and procurement mechanisms of the World Bank and other donors. Caribbean Region of the World Bank pioneered a series of new systems that balanced disbursement efficiency and practical accountability for community programs (see box 2.

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